Rev. G. Van Groningen. Trowel & Sword, November 1958
Preamble: Consider the context. A mere seven years previously, Calvinist migrants from the Netherlands had established the Reformed Churches of Australia as they had not been satisfied with any of the existing denominations. Now they were faced with the prospect of an evangelist from the Southern Baptists in the USA, who had been drawing huge crowds, coming to Australia. The debate centred on whether or not the Reformed Churches should participate in the coming “crusade” alongside or even in partnership with other churches which they had previously rejected. An important part of that debate centred on the teachings of Graham himself and whether they were compatible with the doctrinal standards of the fledgling Reformed Churches. In this article Rev. van Groningen, who had himself recently arrive from the USA as a missionary to serve the Reformed Church of Geelong as its minister, and who later became a Professor at RTC, looked at the cases for and against participating in what would become the largest evangelism effort in this country. For the record, the Billy Graham Crusade still holds the record for the largest one day crowd ever at Melbourne’s MCG with estimates ranging between 130,000 and 143,000 people.
The Billy Graham Crusade – What Shall Our Attitude Be?
At the outset; let us recognise that the Question – what shall our attitude be toward the Graham Crusade is an involved one. We realise this especially when we try to answer the question. For in so doing, we find that there are various possible answers.
1. We will participate in the Crusade with all our endeavours: attend pre-crusade prayer meetings and join in organisational work, assist in counselling, singing, teaching, attend work-shops etc.
2. We will co-operate; that is to say, work along in some respects.
3. We will attend the meetings occasionally, more or less as a spectator with a prayer that our presence may be of moral or spiritual aid.
4. We will not attend at all but pray for the conversion of sinners, strength for the preacher, spiritual blessings for all who hear.
5. We will ignore it completely.
6. We will oppose it and condemn it outright as detrimental to the cause of Christ.
As we seek the proper answer to our Question, we must remain tolerant of our brothers and sisters who also have struggled with this question but who arrived at a conclusion differing from our own. Let us get this straight; every TRUE Christian is deeply and vitally interested in:
a. His own spiritual welfare. Yes, by all means, he must consider this as he seeks an answer to this question. 2.Tim.2:1,
b. His neighbour’s spiritual welfare. He prays and longs that his unsaved neighbour may be brought into the fold of Jesus Christ and there be nurtured, guided, developed as a child of the Lord and thus become one with the church of Jesus Christ. John 10:16.
c. His Lord’s special delight and love, the church. The church is precious in Jesus’ eyes. He gave His blood for it. Acts 20:28,
d. His sovereign God’s eternal glory. Rom.11:36.
Now then, just because every Christian is so vitally interested in these things, mentioned above, we may not close our minds or shut our eyes to the facts as they pertain to the Crusade. Preconceived notions, dreams of full churches, desires to be identified with a big movement etc., have no place in a mature Christian’s evaluations and decisions at any time; and not in face of the Crusade either.
What are some of the facts with which we are faced? Facts in favour and not in favour will be cited; thus we can weigh the evidence.
What is for participation, and/or at the least, co-operation with the Crusade? Here are some facts:
1. There are so many non-Christians and nominal church members in the world today . A real coming to life is needed. The Graham Crusade is used with varying results; let us therefore join in. (At times one hears or reads remarks to the effect that churches in America and England are “streaming full” again once the Graham Crusade has been active in a given area. That is not the case in America; true some churches have enjoyed an increased attendance, at least an increased enrolment).
2. Billy Graham is able to reach hardened sinners who would otherwise not be reached. Such a person can be persuaded to come and see the Crusade in action, but he cannot be persuaded to enter a church, or even listen to a sermon on his wireless. Numbers of incidents can be recited where this has proven true; again with varying results.
3. Billy Graham does distinguish between a Biblical and a non-Biblical message.
He will have nothing to do with the modernistic perversion of the gospel. He preaches the Lord Jesus Christ as the only hope for sinful man.
4. Billy Graham doos not in any way compromise with the liberals, though he does seek their external organisational co-operation.
5. If a church does not in any way work along with the Crusade, no references will be made to that church. Thus a church would miss out on receiving enquirers and converts who sorely need the further ministrations of the means of grace and who would add to the membership.
6. The ministers of those churches which co-operate preach more evangelistically, directly, personally once they have worked along with the Crusade.
7. The Crusade is a means of uniting many churches and many Christians: of various confessions into one mighty praying force for the conversion of sinners. Surely no one would want to miss out on that unified prayer activity.
8. Workers who serve as choir singers, ushers and especially the counsellors get a great personal blessing.
9. The ministers who attend the workshops are greatly stimulated in their task of active evangelism.
10. God in His providence is bringing the Graham Crusade to this part of the world. Dare we ignore or oppose God’s providential provisions for the preaching of the gospel as it is done in the Graham Crusade? (But, did anyone speak this way when Oral Roberts and his band moved into Melbourne and other cities? God in His providence placed the Presbyterian, Methodist, Baptist and Anglican churches here long ago. Yet we are convinced we should not be identified with these “providentially present” denominations and rightly so).
Undoubtedly one can add to this lineup of arguments favouring participation of some kind in the Crusade. But now, is there anything to be said which might lead one to view the Crusade in an unfavourable light? Here are some facts:
1. The results of the Crusade up till now have been varied. Much superficiality has come to light. There are those converted, and they are many, whose zeal is short lived. They gave every evidence of a true conversion; seemed to taste the joys of spiritual awakening and life. But they dropped away soon after the Crusade moved away. What of these? Heb. 6:4-6 tells us a frightening truth. Revivalism has been and still is a means of unnecessarily exposing many people to this great threat of the impossibility of repentance and renewal.
2. The superficiality of the Crusade comes to light in the lives of many other folk who became or who were Christians before. These folk, once having enjoyed the Crusade meetings are disappointed and often deeply critical of the church and its work. Graham’s sermons are considered the proper regular diet, which he himself denies. The regular church services are too dead, formal: people long for the thrill and drama of a large mass meeting with a prepared psychological atmosphere produced by music, choir, manner of speech etc. Solid, soul building, doctrinal instruction in Catechism and preaching is strongly frowned upon if not openly rejected. These folk also become critical of and often retard their own church’s mission activity.
3. The Scriptural teaching regarding the church is sadly neglected. Though Graham wishes to channel the converts into the church, the entire Crusade is pervaded by a pietistic, fundamentalistic atmosphere which has been particularly harmful to the organised church of Jesus Christ. The church does not receive its proper due. Though churches invite, participate and co-operate, the Crusade as such is an independent organisation. It does not come forth directly from the church. The Crusade thus encourages an individualistic or organisational preaching of the gospel which results in the church’s increased lack of responsibility for and execution of its witnessing task. Then too, it is happening in various places that Graham organisations are arising, meeting separately which are actually considered a substitute for the church. Does not anyone who takes Paul’s letter to the Ephesians seriously, especially Chapter 2, hesitate to join in a movement which does not meet up to the Scriptural teaching of the church?
4.The Crusade hampers, rather than aids, a truly Biblical program of evangelism. Jesus spoke to multitudes, but his meetings were entirely different from the present day organised mass meetings. And Christ knew how to conduct such a meeting; read how He did that in John 6. The altar call, the pressing for public show of an intimately personal, spiritual decision is foreign to Scripture. It is true, the Graham Crusade endeavours to do the correct thing in making personal contacts after the meeting and to have these continue; but these are overshadowed by the psychology of the “mass meeting”. Peter gives us the Biblical example – he went to the home of Cornelius and there dealt with him in the living situation in which Cornelius lived day by day. Paul entered into the Jailor’s home and evangelised. Phillip made a fruitful personal contact with the Eunich. “What” you ask, “no meetings then?” Yes, meetings are Biblical. Notice what Paul did, e.g., Acts 18. He first went to the established customary place of worship, the 0.T. church. From there he went into the homes.
5.The history of revivalism in the U.S. has a sorry tale to tell us. With each wave of revivalism there was a seeming upsurge in spirituality. But – viewed from a further perspective, after each wave of revivalism, about 25 years later, the churches were worse off than before the revival; Biblical theology was watered down even more than before; rampant individualism was more deeply entrenched than ever. Read the history of the U.S. See what happened after a Charles Finney, Billy Sunday, D.L. Moody swept across the nation!
6. Australia and New Zealand have been witnessing too many hit and run evangelists in the past. There is an anti “Evangelists” mood prevalent. The Crusade will quite likely drive many folk to a more hardened resistance against the gospel, which will make it the more difficult to win such a person if and when a more Biblical method is employed.
7.An amazing confusion will be a most logical result from the mixing of our Reformed witness with the fundamentalistic Arminian teaching and method of the Crusade. A few clarifying statements are in order:
a). Though Graham is utterly and genuinely sincere in his attempt to keep out emotionalism and to present a simple Biblical gospel message, the co-workers all too often negate Graham’s endeavours. Too many of Graham’s teams are employing emotional techniques and are extremely Arminian in their preaching and teaching.
b). Though Graham wishes to be as true to the Scriptures as possible, he is still a product of his training. Graham is growing, developing in the truth of the Scriptures; for that we praise God. But at present Graham’s preaching is cast in the frame of an over emphasis on the will of man. At a press conference in New York, Graham stated, “Primarily, however, when a person comes to Christ it is his will – he is saying: I willreceive Him. I will follow Him. I will serve Him.” The Reformed witness says, “no man cometh unto the Father except he be drawn” and “for by grace ye are saved through faith and that not of yourself, it is the gift of God; yield then, your heart, your mind and your will, your entire personality as a whole to this sovereignly gracious God.
8 .The problem of referring converts to any church of their choice I need not deal with. I wholly agree with what Rev. J. Deenik wrote in the September issue of “Trowel and Sword”,
The Crusade has been placed in the balance. How are we to judge as to what our attitude should be?
We can ask: how is tho greater glory brought to God? Some say, “by the conversion of sinners, using whatever methods are at our disposal”. Others say, “By being a true, loyal church of Christ, avoiding all that hinders, detracts from, and or that brings unnecessary disrepute to the gospel and to the church”.
I personally am convinced that I must give the latter answer. But be sure to realise this: if the church is true and loyal to its Lord, not only will the church grow and develop, avoid unnecessary disrepute for itself and the gospel committed to it, but sinners also will be brought to conversion. The point is this: let us be a true church. Let us take our Christ-given mandate seriously to go forth and evangelise. From within the established, consecrated church the program of evangelism is to issue forth. Under the impetus and supervision of the church, the members must carry the witness to their neighbours. Do YOU want a church full? Do YOU want your neighbour to be saved? Then YOU as a church member go to him, talk to him, take him along to YOUR CHURCH and to YOUR CHURCH’S MEETINGS. Then we will have numerous conversions, Then the church will grow, then we will make an impact on our communal, national life. Biblical evangelism does not ask another to witness to my sinful unsaved reighbour, it demands that I do it.
If we would get busy and be a CHURCH we would have little if any NEED for the Crusade. Indeed, if we would truly be a church, we would not even have the TIME to join the Crusade.
The Crusade is coming.
What shall we do?
My position is becoming increasingly a strong conviction in my heart. May I add that past experiences play a part also. As a youth at home in California, and as a soldier in the army working in spare time with the Chaplain, I have attended and participated in many “Youth for Christ” and various other revival type meetings. Having been somewhat enamoured by these for a while, actual participation did give a rather unwholesome reaction. Today I would urge no one, if only for his spiritual wellbeing, to join in fully and actively in such ventures. Likewise, my attendance at the Graham meetings and hearing him often over the wireless and T.V. in the U.S. all influence my position.
My position is this: I cannot recommend participation or co-operation with the Crusade. I do not feel conscience free to again participate in a movement the like of which I have been deeply disappointed with before. I must spend my time and energy in the Reformed church, endeavouring to awaken it increasingly and guiding it in the direction of Biblically prescribed means of growth, development, zeal for and method of evangelism.
This does not mean I will ignore the Crusade. I may visit once or even twice. That, for one thing, will help me to remain alive to what the Crusade is. I will gladly work with any convert or enquirer that is referred to our church. I will pray for Billy Graham as a preachor and for the preaching of the gospel. I will pray the Lord to use the Crusade as He sees fit. But praying this, I still cannot feel free to join and strengthen the Crusade as it now is.
G. Van Groningen.
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